The Strait of Hormuz remains one of the most consequential maritime chokepoints in the modern energy system. Positioned between the Persian Gulf and open ocean routes, the narrow passage channels…
The Strait of Hormuz remains one of the most consequential maritime chokepoints in the modern energy system. Positioned between the Persian Gulf and open ocean routes, the narrow passage channels…
In the Middle East, digital authoritarianism has become more pronounced in 2025 as the increasing dependence on surveillance infrastructure, cyber-policing…